Spina Bifida treatment in Turkey, Prices of Istanbul Clinics 2024

Spina bifida: How does it form?

Spina bifida is a congenital malformation characterized by a defect in the closure of the neural tube, the primitive structure of the nervous system. This defect, which usually occurs in the first weeks of pregnancy, results in abnormalities of the spinal cord and vertebrae.

Although the exact causes are still unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including folate (vitamin B9) deficiency, family history, and possibly genetic factors.

Types of Spina Bifida

Spina bifida comes in a variety of forms, each with different characteristics and consequences.

• Spina bifida occulta: This is the mildest and most common type. It is characterized by a small opening in one of the vertebrae, usually without affecting the spinal cord or nerves. Often asymptomatic, it may go unnoticed and be discovered by chance during an imaging test.
• Spina bifida aperta: This more severe form involves a larger opening in the spine, exposing part of the spinal cord or surrounding membranes. It can cause paralysis, urinary and bowel problems, and an increased risk of infection. Myelomeningocele and meningocele are two types of spina bifida.
• Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe form of spina bifida. It is characterized by an opening in the vertebrae, through which the spinal cord and surrounding membranes form a prominent sac. This anomaly puts the child at high risk for motor difficulties, bladder and bowel control problems, and an increased risk of life-threatening infections.
• Meningocele: Less common, meningocele is a form of spina bifida aperta in which only a pocket of cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through the vertebral opening. The consequences are generally less severe than those of myelomeningocele.

Risk factors

Spina bifida, a complex congenital malformation, is the result of a combination of factors that are still unknown. However, research has identified several risk factors.

• Genetic and environmental factors: A family history of neural tube defects and ethnicity (especially Caucasian and Hispanic) are predisposing factors.
• Diet: Folate (vitamin B9) deficiency during pregnancy is a major risk factor. This vitamin is essential for the development of the neural tube.
• Medication: Taking certain medications, such as valproic acid, during pregnancy may increase the risk of spina bifida.
• Maternal health factors: Gestational diabetes, obesity, and high body temperature in early pregnancy are also associated with increased risk.

Prevention of spina bifida is based on a good diet rich in folic acid and close medical supervision during pregnancy.

Symptoms of Spina Bifida

Open spina bifida manifests itself in a variety of ways, with the severity varying from person to person. In less severe cases, where the spinal nerves are spared, there are no obvious symptoms. However, cutaneous signs such as a tuft of hair, dimple, or birthmark may indicate an underlying spinal cord abnormality that requires medical imaging (MRI or ultrasound) for confirmation.

Myelomeningocele, a more severe form, is usually diagnosed before or at birth. Specialized medical care is then essential throughout the patient's life. Families need to be informed about the potential complications associated with this condition.

Spina bifida occulta, on the other hand, usually has no symptoms or complications, so regular medical follow-up is sufficient.

Spina Bifida treatment options in Turkey

Spina bifida is a complex congenital malformation that requires individualized medical care. In Turkey, advances in pediatric neurosurgery and rehabilitation offer state-of-the-art treatment for people with this condition.

Treatment for spina bifida varies depending on the severity of the malformation and associated complications. The main therapeutic approaches include

Prenatal and postnatal surgery

If spina bifida is diagnosed during pregnancy, surgery may be recommended. Surgical treatments include:

• Closure of the meningeal defect: This surgical procedure, often performed in utero or shortly after birth, is designed to protect the spinal cord and nerves.
• Hydrocephalus: Ventricular bypass may be required to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.

Functional rehabilitation

Functional rehabilitation may be recommended to help relieve the symptoms of spina bifida and improve quality of life:

• Physical therapy: Specific exercises help improve muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination.
• Urology and gastroenterology: Regular follow-up is essential to manage micturition and defecation problems.

Additional treatments

Depending on the symptoms of the person with spina bifida, other treatments may be recommended, such as

• Orthopedics: Orthotics may be used to correct deformities and improve posture.
• Medication: Medications may be used to relieve pain, muscle spasms, and other symptoms.
• Speech or language therapy to help control certain functions.

Spina bifida treatment requires an individualized approach. A healthcare professional will be able to assess your specific situation and suggest the most appropriate treatment options. Please do not hesitate to contact Turquie Santé for complete information on the various treatment options available in Turkey.

Thanks to its network of renowned specialists, Turquie Santé can provide you with an accurate diagnosis and treatment tailored to your profile. Don't wait any longer to discuss your needs and explore the most advanced therapeutic solutions.